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Note that the squiggles in the return path aren't really as squirrelly as they
look. The glider's true air speed was only a little above the wind speed,
which magnifies, say, a 15
degree heading error into a 60 degree apparent track error. That also makes navigation by ground track
difficult for the autopilot.
So what happened here?
1) The glider cut away from the balloon, recovered into level
flight, and attempted to trim out any roll rate gyro error.
2) A period of spiral-diving occurred, which we on the ground mistook
for problems with navigating in the high winds. In fact, it was due
to inaccurate roll trim.
3) During that time, the auto-pitch trim feature attempted to pick up
speed to fight the high winds. However, the elevator response was 2-3
times stronger than anticipated, so it over controlled. G's built up
quickly, and the bank was probably over 70 degrees at times.
4) After we on the ground guessed what might really be wrong, the autopilot was
commanded to try trimming itself out again in roll.
5) After the wings were leveled, the great amount of speed built up (200 kts or so at 24,000 feet
ASL) resulted in a series of loop-de-loops. That not being enough excitement for it, it mistook the lack of progress into the
wind to mean it should pitch down yet again, causing a drastic nose-under bunt of
over -3 G's, and possibly even an inverted loop or two.
6) Finally sorting itself out, it began to correctly fly straight and
level to the
commanded landing site.
7) While on its way to Saltspring Island to land, we told it (not
realizing the pitch issue at the time) to try pitching down just one
notch, to be sure it would have the airspeed to make it to the landing site. From
the ground station, the result seemed to be that it squirmed around a bit,
then sorted itself
out quickly at the new trimmed speed. In fact, the elevator response was
so sensitive that the one extra notch made the wings lift negative - so it
did a quick little bunt, came out flying level in the wrong direction, and
turned itself around to go where it needed to so quickly we didn't really notice
from the ground. It then flew the last 10km or so happy as can be,
upside down. From the ground all we saw,
was that it was going where it was supposed to, and the G meter read
"1.0". Nobody noticed the negative sign in front of the
one, although we did wonder why the glide wasn't quite as good
as it had been earlier.
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Yikes. We came very close to losing the glider in middle of
the Straight of Georgia, where it would have been unrecoverable in
winter open-water conditions. But, a lot was learned:
- The airframe flies well throughout its design envelope in positive and negative G's, at speeds of up to 200 kts, and altitudes
of up to 35,000 feet.
- As long as the roll-trim is moderately good, the autopilot and
roll-control system can fly the glider well at high speeds and
moderately high altitudes. In fact, the speeds inadvertently
demonstrated are as high as those it would experience during a normal
flight from 60,000 feet.
- The roll-trim algorithm needs some adjustment to make it more
accurate in conditions of strong winds and low groundspeeds.
- The elevator response is much more sensitive than notes from
manual flight testing had indicated.
- The CL and airspeed versus elevator response, and glide performance, are now
known for a large range of trim points, including inverted.
The data is better and covers a broader range than we would ever
have obtained on purpose.
- Always make negative signs very visible. Those unassuming little
dashes can be important.
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